Disulfiram

Disulfiram is a DNA demethylating agent and DIG1 inducer which inhibits prostate cancer cell growth by inhibition of DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt). In addition, studies indicate that disulfiram inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) resulting in the accumulation of acetaldehyde upon ethanol ingestion. Alternate studies show that disulfiram also inhibits dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), an enzyme important in converting dopamine to norepinephrine in noradrenergic neurons. Futhermore, disulfiram can reduce toxicity and carcinogenesis by inhibiting the cytochrome P450IIE1 (CYP2E1). It has been reported that disulfiram can also inhibit tumor cell growth via binding to cellular copper, which inhibits proteosome activity and induces apoptosis. Disulfiram is an inhibitor of ADH and V-ATPase.