MPP+ iodide

MPP+ iodide is a metabolite of dopaminergic neurotoxin MPTP which stimulates the production of the superoxide radical resulting in apoptosis in PC12 cells. Studies suggest that MPP+ iodide is a selective inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I and it decreases mitochondrial REDOX activity. In addition, GSK-3β is a mediator of MPP+ iodide induced neurotoxicity. Alternate studies indicate that the D-loop of human mtDNA is destabilized by MPP+ iodide via releasing the nascent H-strands of mtDNA.